GERDAU
Quick Summary
- •Released 9,044 lbs of toxic chemicals to the environment in the most recent TRI reporting year.
- •Currently out of compliance in at least one environmental program (CAA, CWA, or RCRA).
- •Assessed $0 in total penalties since records began.
- •Reports releases of chemicals classified as known or probable carcinogens.
- Address
-
1500 W 3RD STREET
WILTON, IA 52778
View on map ↗ - County
- MUSCATINE County
- Industry
- Manufacturing
- NAICS (North American Industry Classification)
- 331110
- Inspections
- 5 · last Jan 16, 2025
- Total Penalties
- $0
- Registry ID
- 110000772913
How This Compares
Ranked by most recent year's total TRI releases.
Compliance Status (Last 12 Quarters)
Number of calendar quarters, out of the last 12, in which this facility was in violation of its permit. Zero means no recorded violations in that program over the past three years.
Qtrs Non-Compliant
Qtrs Non-Compliant
Qtrs Non-Compliant
TRI Toxic Chemical Releases
Annual pounds of each toxic chemical released to air, water, and land, as reported to the EPA Toxic Release Inventory. Carcinogen (♦) and PFAS designations are per EPA and IARC classifications.
| Year | Total Releases (lbs) | vs Prior Year |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 12,687 | — |
| 2016 | 8,375 | -34% |
| 2017 | 9,044 | +8% |
| 2018 | 10,509 | +16% |
| 2019 | 9,879 | -6% |
| 2020 | 10,799 | +9% |
| 2021 | 11,526 | +7% |
| 2022 | 9,561 | -17% |
| 2023 | 10,224 | +7% |
| 2024 | 2,548 | -75% |
2024
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 1,342 | 1,328 | 14 | — | 811,936 | |
| Manganese compounds | 886 | 631 | 255 | — | 181,502 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 124 | 5 | 119 | — | — | |
| Lead compounds | 73 | 62 | 11 | — | 37,845 | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 62 | 56 | 6 | — | 16,677 | |
| Copper compounds | 28 | 22 | 6 | — | 11,080 | |
| Nickel compounds | 17 | 4 | 13 | — | 1,655 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 16 | 13 | 3 | — | — | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 29 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2023
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 7,134 | 7,079 | 55 | — | 1,056,124 | |
| Manganese compounds | 2,264 | 1,504 | 760 | — | 199,764 | |
| Lead compounds | 369 | 342 | 27 | — | 50,925 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 186 | 5 | 181 | — | — | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 155 | 146 | 9 | — | 18,011 | |
| Copper compounds | 80 | 71 | 9 | — | 10,033 | |
| Nickel compounds | 18 | 6 | 12 | — | 781 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 18 | 15 | 3 | — | 19 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 31 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2022
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 6,454 | 6,393 | 61 | — | 947,293 | |
| Manganese compounds | 2,338 | 1,529 | 809 | — | 201,233 | |
| Lead compounds | 304 | 286 | 18 | — | 42,223 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 203 | 5 | 198 | — | — | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 138 | 128 | 10 | — | 15,047 | |
| Copper compounds | 84 | 73 | 11 | — | 10,236 | |
| Nickel compounds | 25 | 9 | 16 | — | 1,127 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 14 | 14 | — | — | 18 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 28 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2021
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 7,443 | 7,362 | 81 | — | 1,111,713 | |
| Manganese compounds | 3,124 | 2,308 | 816 | — | 323,546 | |
| Lead compounds | 444 | 425 | 19 | — | 64,193 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 221 | 5 | 216 | — | — | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 134 | 122 | 12 | — | 14,526 | |
| Copper compounds | 110 | 98 | 12 | — | 14,282 | |
| Nickel compounds | 28 | 11 | 17 | — | 1,494 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 22 | 17 | 5 | — | 21 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 34 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2020
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 7,280 | 7,100 | 180 | — | 1,132,711 | |
| Manganese compounds | 2,559 | 1,408 | 1,151 | — | 198,206 | |
| Lead compounds | 399 | 366 | 33 | — | 58,366 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 252 | 5 | 247 | — | — | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 144 | 123 | 21 | — | 15,609 | |
| Copper compounds | 116 | 98 | 18 | — | 15,098 | |
| Nickel compounds | 28 | 12 | 16 | — | 1,797 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 20 | 16 | 4 | — | 19 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 31 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2019
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 6,588 | 6,411 | 177 | — | 1,024,911 | |
| Manganese compounds | 2,426 | 1,287 | 1,139 | — | 179,342 | |
| Lead compounds | 363 | 330 | 33 | — | 52,811 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 220 | 5 | 215 | — | — | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 135 | 114 | 21 | — | 14,123 | |
| Copper compounds | 106 | 89 | 17 | — | 13,661 | |
| Nickel compounds | 24 | 11 | 13 | — | 1,626 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 17 | 14 | 3 | — | 18 |
2018
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 7,162 | 6,960 | 202 | — | 1,031,256 | |
| Manganese compounds | 2,449 | 1,317 | 1,132 | — | 170,694 | |
| Lead compounds | 394 | 359 | 35 | — | 53,183 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 224 | 5 | 219 | — | — | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 139 | 119 | 20 | — | 13,776 | |
| Copper compounds | 103 | 84 | 19 | — | 11,949 | |
| Nickel compounds | 19 | 8 | 11 | — | 1,055 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 19 | 15 | 4 | — | 12 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 0 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2017
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 5,763 | 5,554 | 209 | — | 1,028,345 | |
| Manganese compounds | 2,297 | 1,137 | 1,160 | — | 179,838 | |
| Lead compounds | 483 | 447 | 36 | — | 82,735 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 223 | 5 | 218 | — | — | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 142 | 122 | 20 | — | 17,776 | |
| Copper compounds | 99 | 80 | 19 | — | 14,121 | |
| Nickel compounds | 21 | 8 | 13 | — | 1,256 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 15 | 15 | 0 | — | 15 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2016
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 5,707 | 5,507 | 200 | — | 976,452 | |
| Manganese compounds | 1,938 | 950 | 988 | — | 133,520 | |
| Lead compounds | 323 | 292 | 31 | — | 68,637 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 168 | 5 | 163 | — | 14,361 | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 125 | 105 | 17 | 3 | 18,199 | |
| Copper compounds | 83 | 66 | 17 | — | 14,196 | |
| Nickel compounds | 18 | 7 | 11 | — | 961 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 12 | 12 | 0 | — | 59 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | ♦ Carcinogen |
2015
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc compounds | 7,548 | 7,065 | 483 | — | 1,688,063 | |
| Manganese compounds | 3,715 | 884 | 2,831 | — | 161,182 | |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | 590 | 5 | 585 | — | 39,660 | |
| Lead compounds | 499 | 373 | 126 | — | 130,442 | |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | 162 | 85 | 77 | — | 25,388 | |
| Copper compounds | 123 | 69 | 54 | — | 24,408 | |
| Nickel compounds | 32 | 8 | 24 | — | 1,612 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Mercury compounds | 17 | 17 | 0 | — | 163 | |
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 0 | ♦ Carcinogen |
Waste Management & Recycling
How this facility manages toxic chemicals beyond direct releases — through recycling, energy recovery, and on-site or off-site treatment. Data from the most recent TRI reporting year. Quantities in pounds.
| Chemical | Released | Recycled | Energy Recovery | Treated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | — | — | — | 29 |
| Manganese compounds | — | 181,502 | — | — |
| Copper compounds | — | 11,080 | — | — |
| Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | — | 17,023 | — | — |
| Nickel compounds | — | 1,655 | — | — |
| Zinc compounds | — | 817,244 | — | — |
| Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7)) | — | 42 | — | — |
| Lead compounds | — | 38,009 | — | — |
Off-Site Transfer Destinations
Facilities to which toxic chemicals were transferred for disposal, recycling, energy recovery, or treatment during the most recent TRI reporting year. Quantities in pounds.
| Destination | Chemical | Disposal | Recycling | Energy Rec. | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
BEFESA ZINC US INC.
CHICAGO, IL
|
Copper compounds | — | 11,080 | — | — |
|
BEFESA ZINC US INC.
CHICAGO, IL
|
Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds | — | — | — | 29 |
|
BEFESA ZINC US INC.
CHICAGO, IL
|
Lead compounds | — | 37,845 | — | — |
|
BEFESA ZINC US INC.
CHICAGO, IL
|
Manganese compounds | — | 181,502 | — | — |
|
BEFESA ZINC US INC.
CHICAGO, IL
|
Zinc compounds | — | 811,936 | — | — |
|
BEFESA ZINC US INC.
CHICAGO, IL
|
Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region) | — | 16,677 | — | — |
|
BEFESA ZINC US INC.
CHICAGO, IL
|
Nickel compounds | — | 1,655 | — | — |
Compliance Violations
Individual permit violations recorded by the EPA across air, water, and hazardous waste programs. Open violations are unresolved as of the most recent ECHO data update.
| Program | Type | Violation Date | Return to Compliance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cwa | Schedule Event unachieved and not reported | Mar 1, 2026 | Apr 2, 2026 | Resolved |
| cwa | Schedule Event unachieved but reported | Mar 1, 2026 | Apr 2, 2026 | Resolved |
| cwa | Schedule Event reported late | Mar 1, 2026 | — | Open |
| cwa | Schedule Event achieved late but reported | Mar 1, 2026 | — | Open |
| caa | FRV | Aug 20, 2024 | — | Open |
| rcra | Standards for Universal Waste Management: Standards for Small Quantity Handlers | Feb 14, 2024 | Feb 23, 2024 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Universal Waste Management: Standards for Small Quantity Handlers | Sep 24, 2019 | Sep 24, 2019 | Resolved |
| cwa | Schedule Event achieved late but reported | Oct 1, 2016 | — | Open |
| cwa | Schedule Event achieved late but reported | Jan 1, 2016 | — | Open |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Aug 14, 2015 | Feb 15, 2017 | Resolved |
| cwa | Schedule Event achieved late but reported | Aug 1, 2015 | — | Open |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Apr 29, 2010 | Oct 28, 2010 | Resolved |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: General Facility Standards | Apr 29, 2010 | Nov 29, 2010 | Resolved |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures | Apr 29, 2010 | Oct 22, 2010 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Universal Waste Management: Standards for Small Quantity Handlers | Apr 29, 2010 | Oct 22, 2010 | Resolved |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures | Feb 23, 2001 | Dec 28, 2001 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: Manifest Requirements Applicable to Small and Large Quantity Generators | Feb 23, 2001 | Dec 28, 2001 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Universal Waste Management: Standards for Small Quantity Handlers | Feb 23, 2001 | Dec 28, 2001 | Resolved |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Preparedness and Prevention | Feb 23, 2001 | Dec 28, 2001 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Recordkeeping and Reporting Applicable to Small and Large Quantity Generators | Dec 20, 1994 | Dec 28, 1994 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: Pre-Transport Requirements Applicable to Small and Large Quantity Generators | Dec 20, 1994 | Dec 28, 1994 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Dec 20, 1994 | Dec 28, 1994 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Preparedness and Prevention | Dec 20, 1994 | Dec 28, 1994 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures | Dec 20, 1994 | Dec 28, 1994 | Resolved |
| rcra | Land Disposal Restrictions: General | Dec 7, 1989 | Dec 13, 1989 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Closure and Post-Closure | Jan 4, 1988 | Feb 3, 1988 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Financial Requirements | Sep 28, 1987 | Oct 22, 1987 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: General | Feb 18, 1987 | Jun 16, 1987 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Manifest System, Recordkeeping and Reporting | Feb 18, 1987 | Jun 16, 1987 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: General | Dec 2, 1986 | Jul 7, 1987 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Financial Requirements | Feb 24, 1986 | Sep 15, 1987 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Closure and Post-Closure | Feb 24, 1986 | Sep 15, 1987 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Manifest System, Recordkeeping and Reporting | Feb 24, 1986 | Sep 15, 1987 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: General | Feb 24, 1986 | Sep 15, 1987 | Resolved |
Discharge Limit Exceedances
Instances where this facility's reported discharge monitoring results exceeded its permitted limits under the Clean Water Act. Exceedance percentage shows how far over the permit limit the discharge was.
| Pollutant | Violation | Reported | Limit | Exceedance | Period | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.80 mg/L | 1.00 | +80% | Dec 2025 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.07 mg/L | 0.04 | +87% | Dec 2025 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 2.80 mg/L | 1.00 | +180% | Nov 2025 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.23 mg/L | 0.04 | +477% | Jul 2025 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.08 mg/L | 0.04 | +114% | Jul 2025 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.08 mg/L | 0.04 | +95% | Jan 2025 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.10 mg/L | 1.00 | +10% | Dec 2024 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.10 mg/L | 0.04 | +146% | Dec 2024 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.06 mg/L | 0.04 | +52% | Dec 2024 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.11 mg/L | 0.04 | +182% | Nov 2024 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.04 mg/L | 0.04 | +8% | Sep 2024 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.04 mg/L | 0.04 | +3% | May 2024 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.80 mg/L | 1.00 | +80% | Apr 2024 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.04 mg/L | 0.04 | +5% | Jun 2023 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 12.00 mg/L | 10.00 | +20% | May 2023 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.24 mg/L | 0.04 | +516% | Apr 2023 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.05 mg/L | 0.04 | +21% | Mar 2022 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.40 mg/L | 1.00 | +40% | Oct 2020 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.30 mg/L | 1.00 | +30% | Sep 2020 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 3.49 kg/d | 3.18 | +10% | Jul 2020 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.80 mg/L | 1.00 | +80% | Jan 2020 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.05 mg/L | 0.04 | +15% | Jan 2020 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.06 mg/L | 0.04 | +46% | Feb 2019 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 3.10 mg/L | 1.00 | +210% | Feb 2019 | Resolved |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.31 mg/L | 1.00 | +31% | Feb 2019 | Open |
| Copper, total [as Cu] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 0.04 mg/L | 0.04 | +8% | Jan 2019 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 2.20 mg/L | 1.00 | +120% | Jan 2019 | Resolved |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.06 mg/L | 1.00 | +6% | Jan 2019 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.80 mg/L | 1.00 | +80% | Nov 2018 | Resolved |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.11 mg/L | 1.00 | +11% | Nov 2018 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.80 mg/L | 1.00 | +80% | Oct 2018 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.10 mg/L | 1.00 | +10% | Jul 2018 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.50 mg/L | 1.00 | +50% | May 2018 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.21 mg/L | 1.00 | +21% | Feb 2018 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.60 mg/L | 1.00 | +60% | Feb 2018 | Open |
| Iron, total [as Fe] | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 1.20 mg/L | 1.00 | +20% | Jan 2018 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 3.36 kg/d | 3.18 | +6% | Nov 2015 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 3.45 kg/d | 3.18 | +9% | Oct 2015 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 9.76 kg/d | 4.99 | +95% | Aug 2015 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 5.52 kg/d | 3.18 | +74% | Aug 2015 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 3.26 kg/d | 3.18 | +3% | May 2015 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 3.48 kg/d | 3.18 | +10% | Jan 2015 | Open |
| Oil & Grease | DMR, Limited - Numeric Violation | 5.15 kg/d | 4.99 | +3% | Jan 2015 | Open |
Enforcement Actions
Formal enforcement cases brought by the EPA or state agencies, including administrative orders and civil penalties assessed. Penalty amounts reflect what was formally assessed, not necessarily what was collected.