PARAMOUNT PETROLEUM CORPORATION
Quick Summary
- •Released 3,068 lbs of toxic chemicals to the environment in the most recent TRI reporting year.
- •Currently out of compliance in at least one environmental program (CAA, CWA, or RCRA).
- •Assessed $200,422 in total penalties since records began.
- •Reports releases of chemicals classified as known or probable carcinogens.
- Address
-
14700 DOWNEY AVENUE
PARAMOUNT, CA 90723
View on map ↗ - County
- LOS ANGELES County
- Industry
- Manufacturing
- NAICS (North American Industry Classification)
- 324110
- Inspections
- 8 · last May 15, 2025
- Total Penalties
- $200,422 · last Mar 24, 2025
- Registry ID
- 110000475940
How This Compares
Ranked by most recent year's total TRI releases.
Compliance Status (Last 12 Quarters)
Number of calendar quarters, out of the last 12, in which this facility was in violation of its permit. Zero means no recorded violations in that program over the past three years.
Qtrs Non-Compliant
Qtrs Non-Compliant
Qtrs Non-Compliant
TRI Toxic Chemical Releases
Annual pounds of each toxic chemical released to air, water, and land, as reported to the EPA Toxic Release Inventory. Carcinogen (♦) and PFAS designations are per EPA and IARC classifications.
| Year | Total Releases (lbs) | vs Prior Year |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 3,067 | — |
| 2016 | 4,488 | +46% |
| 2017 | 3,068 | -32% |
| 2018 | 3,080 | 0% |
| 2019 | 51 | -98% |
| 2020 | 1,717 | +3266% |
| 2021 | 2,936 | +71% |
| 2022 | 3,709 | +26% |
| 2023 | 3,099 | -16% |
| 2024 | 4,323 | +39% |
2024
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 6 | |
| Chromium | — | — | — | — | 274 | |
| Nickel compounds | — | — | — | — | 1,340 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Asbestos (friable) | — | — | — | — | 35,640 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Ammonia | 1,942 | 1,942 | — | — | 5,387 | |
| Cyclohexane | 868 | 868 | — | — | 17 | |
| n-Hexane | 850 | 850 | — | — | 5 | |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 249 | 249 | — | — | 1,954 | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 181 | 181 | — | — | 3,307 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 101 | 101 | — | — | 1,321 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Toluene | 64 | 64 | — | — | 3,514 | |
| Benzene | 58 | 58 | — | — | 572 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 5 | 5 | — | — | — | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Naphthalene | 4 | 4 | — | — | 682 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Lead compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 473 |
2023
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 2 | |
| Lead compounds | — | — | — | — | 245 | |
| Asbestos (friable) | — | — | — | — | 481,660 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Chromium | — | — | — | — | 700 | |
| Ammonia | 1,426 | 1,426 | — | — | 6 | |
| n-Hexane | 850 | 850 | — | — | — | |
| Cyclohexane | 430 | 430 | — | — | — | |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 137 | 137 | — | — | 38 | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 117 | 117 | — | — | 85 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 66 | 66 | — | — | 10 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Toluene | 36 | 36 | — | — | 2 | |
| Benzene | 33 | 33 | — | — | 24 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Naphthalene | 3 | 3 | — | — | 14 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | ♦ Carcinogen |
2022
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 2 | |
| Lead compounds | — | — | — | — | 8 | |
| Chromium | — | — | — | — | 35,476 | |
| Asbestos (friable) | — | — | — | — | 93,088 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Ammonia | 1,648 | 1,648 | — | — | 1 | |
| n-Hexane | 1,195 | 1,195 | — | — | — | |
| Cyclohexane | 430 | 430 | — | — | — | |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 152 | 152 | — | — | 30 | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 144 | 144 | — | — | 1,913 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 69 | 69 | — | — | 207 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Toluene | 37 | 37 | — | — | 50 | |
| Benzene | 30 | 30 | — | — | 130 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Naphthalene | 4 | 4 | — | — | 297 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | ♦ Carcinogen |
2021
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 1 | |
| Lead compounds | — | — | — | — | 15 | |
| Ammonia | 1,583 | 1,583 | — | — | 3 | |
| n-Hexane | 1,029 | 1,029 | — | — | — | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 113 | 113 | — | — | 129 | |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 100 | 100 | — | — | 221 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 37 | 37 | — | — | 29 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Toluene | 27 | 27 | — | — | 22 | |
| Benzene | 26 | 26 | — | — | 117 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Cyclohexane | 16 | 16 | — | — | — | |
| Naphthalene | 4 | 4 | — | — | 170 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | ♦ Carcinogen |
2020
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naphthalene | — | — | — | — | 43 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Lead compounds | — | — | — | — | 22 | |
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 0 | |
| Ammonia | 1,428 | 1,428 | — | — | 658 | |
| n-Hexane | 152 | 152 | — | — | — | |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 46 | 46 | — | — | 232 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 26 | 26 | — | — | 70 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Benzene | 24 | 24 | — | — | 30 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Toluene | 23 | 23 | — | — | 30 | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 17 | 17 | — | — | 219 | |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | ♦ Carcinogen |
2019
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 0 | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 51 | 51 | — | — | 11,940 |
2018
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 0 | |
| Ammonia | 1,735 | 1,735 | — | — | 26 | |
| n-Hexane | 552 | 552 | — | — | — | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 198 | 198 | — | — | 0 | |
| Toluene | 150 | 150 | — | — | 0 | |
| Benzene | 138 | 138 | — | — | 76 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Cyclohexane | 138 | 138 | — | — | — | |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 100 | 100 | — | — | 1 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 67 | 67 | — | — | 0 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Naphthalene | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Lead compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 |
2017
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 1 | |
| Ammonia | 1,667 | 1,667 | — | — | 3 | |
| n-Hexane | 579 | 579 | — | — | — | |
| Cyclohexane | 202 | 202 | — | — | — | |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 174 | 174 | — | — | 1 | |
| Toluene | 151 | 151 | — | — | 2 | |
| Benzene | 139 | 139 | — | — | 53 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 95 | 95 | — | — | 5 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 61 | 61 | — | — | 1 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Naphthalene | 1 | 1 | — | — | 0 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Lead compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | 6 |
2016
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzo[g,h,i]perylene | — | — | — | — | 0 | |
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 2 | |
| n-Hexane | 1,293 | 1,293 | — | — | — | |
| Ammonia | 1,281 | 1,281 | — | — | 0 | |
| Cyclohexane | 725 | 725 | — | — | — | |
| Toluene | 678 | 678 | — | — | 388 | |
| Benzene | 306 | 306 | — | — | 1 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 121 | 121 | — | — | 130 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 60 | 60 | — | — | 18 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 19 | 19 | — | — | — | |
| Naphthalene | 5 | 5 | — | — | 182 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 2 | 2 | — | — | 8 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Lead compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | 213 |
2015
| Chemical | Total (lbs) | Air | Water | Land | Off-Site | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury compounds | — | — | — | — | 1 | |
| Benzo[g,h,i]perylene | — | — | — | — | 0 | |
| n-Hexane | 1,109 | 1,109 | — | — | — | |
| Ammonia | 763 | 763 | — | — | 6 | |
| Cyclohexane | 545 | 545 | — | — | — | |
| Toluene | 359 | 359 | — | — | 4 | |
| Benzene | 175 | 175 | — | — | 171 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | 78 | 78 | — | — | 12 | |
| Ethylbenzene | 21 | 21 | — | — | 2 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 15 | 15 | — | — | — | |
| Naphthalene | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Polycyclic aromatic compounds | 1 | 1 | — | — | 5 | ♦ Carcinogen |
| Lead compounds | 0 | 0 | — | — | 21 |
Waste Management & Recycling
How this facility manages toxic chemicals beyond direct releases — through recycling, energy recovery, and on-site or off-site treatment. Data from the most recent TRI reporting year. Quantities in pounds.
| Chemical | Released | Recycled | Energy Recovery | Treated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead compounds | — | 0 | — | — |
| Ethylbenzene | — | 9 | — | 18 |
| Nickel compounds | — | 858 | — | — |
| Xylene (mixed isomers) | — | 47 | — | 618 |
| Naphthalene | — | 12 | — | 647 |
| Chromium | — | 33 | — | — |
| Benzene | — | 7 | — | 494 |
| Toluene | — | 55 | — | 3,329 |
| Cyclohexane | — | 17 | — | — |
| n-Hexane | — | — | — | 5 |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | — | 13 | — | 3,294 |
Off-Site Transfer Destinations
Facilities to which toxic chemicals were transferred for disposal, recycling, energy recovery, or treatment during the most recent TRI reporting year. Quantities in pounds.
| Destination | Chemical | Disposal | Recycling | Energy Rec. | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Benzene | — | — | — | 181 |
|
ALPHA OMEGA RECYCLING FACILITY
LONGVIEW, TX
|
Cyclohexane | — | 12 | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Cyclohexane | — | 5 | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Xylene (mixed isomers) | — | — | — | 580 |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Xylene (mixed isomers) | — | — | — | 31 |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Xylene (mixed isomers) | — | 47 | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
BEAUMONT, TX
|
Xylene (mixed isomers) | — | — | — | 3 |
|
CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
KETTLEMAN CITY, CA
|
Xylene (mixed isomers) | 2 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Xylene (mixed isomers) | 1,285 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
BEAUMONT, TX
|
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | — | — | — | 3 |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | — | — | — | 673 |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | — | — | — | 2,611 |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | — | — | — | 7 |
|
CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
KETTLEMAN CITY, CA
|
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 0 | — | — | — |
|
ALPHA OMEGA RECYCLING FACILITY
LONGVIEW, TX
|
Chromium | — | 4 | — | — |
|
CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
KETTLEMAN CITY, CA
|
Chromium | 4 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Chromium | — | 29 | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Chromium | 153 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Chromium | — | 0 | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Chromium | 10 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
BEAUMONT, TX
|
Chromium | 0 | — | — | — |
|
LA PAZ COUNTY LANDFILL
PARKER, AZ
|
Benzene | 8 | — | — | — |
|
AZUSA LAND RECLAMATION CO INC
AZUSA, CA
|
Asbestos (friable) | 35,640 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Benzene | — | 7 | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Benzene | — | — | — | 297 |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Benzene | — | — | — | 17 |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
BEAUMONT, TX
|
Toluene | — | — | — | 0 |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Toluene | — | — | — | 1 |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Toluene | 130 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Toluene | — | — | — | 759 |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Toluene | — | — | — | 2,568 |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Naphthalene | — | 12 | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Naphthalene | — | — | — | 647 |
|
LA PAZ COUNTY LANDFILL
PARKER, AZ
|
Naphthalene | 23 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Lead compounds | 0 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Lead compounds | 9 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Lead compounds | — | 0 | — | — |
|
CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
KETTLEMAN CITY, CA
|
Lead compounds | 7 | — | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Lead compounds | 124 | — | — | — |
|
LA PAZ COUNTY LANDFILL
PARKER, AZ
|
Lead compounds | 293 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
BEAUMONT, TX
|
Lead compounds | 0 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Ethylbenzene | — | 9 | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Ethylbenzene | 1,033 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Ethylbenzene | 1 | — | — | — |
|
LA PAZ COUNTY LANDFILL
PARKER, AZ
|
Ethylbenzene | 11 | — | — | — |
|
CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
KETTLEMAN CITY, CA
|
Ethylbenzene | 0 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Ethylbenzene | 250 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
BEAUMONT, TX
|
Ethylbenzene | — | — | — | 0 |
|
ALPHA OMEGA RECYCLING FACILITY
LONGVIEW, TX
|
Nickel compounds | — | 858 | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Nickel compounds | 245 | — | — | — |
|
CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
KETTLEMAN CITY, CA
|
Nickel compounds | 1 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
Nickel compounds | 2 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Nickel compounds | — | 0 | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Nickel compounds | 16 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
BEAUMONT, TX
|
Nickel compounds | 0 | — | — | — |
|
LA PAZ COUNTY LANDFILL
PARKER, AZ
|
Mercury compounds | 5 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY TEXAS
ROBSTOWN, TX
|
Mercury compounds | 1 | — | — | — |
|
CLEAN HARBORS ARAGONITE, LLC
ARAGONITE, UT
|
Mercury compounds | 0 | — | — | — |
|
US ECOLOGY NEVADA, INC
BEATTY, NV
|
Mercury compounds | 0 | — | — | — |
|
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
AZUSA, CA
|
n-Hexane | — | — | — | 5 |
Transfers to Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
Toxic chemicals transferred to municipal wastewater treatment plants during the most recent TRI reporting year. Quantities in pounds.
Compliance Violations
Individual permit violations recorded by the EPA across air, water, and hazardous waste programs. Open violations are unresolved as of the most recent ECHO data update.
| Program | Type | Violation Date | Return to Compliance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rcra | State Statutory or Regulatory requirements that are broader-in-scope than the federal RCRA requirements | Oct 3, 2023 | Feb 1, 2024 | Resolved |
| cwa | Effluent Violations - Unauthorized Discharge | Aug 2, 2023 | — | Open |
| cwa | Reporting Violations - Improper/ Incorrect Reporting | Aug 31, 2022 | — | Open |
| cwa | Effluent Violations - Unauthorized Discharge | Jul 27, 2022 | — | Open |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: Pre-Transport Requirements Applicable to Small and Large Quantity Generators | Oct 27, 2021 | Dec 1, 2021 | Resolved |
| rcra | State Statutory or Regulatory requirements that are broader-in-scope than the federal RCRA requirements | Jan 22, 2020 | Mar 13, 2020 | Resolved |
| cwa | WW Storm Water Non-Construction - Failure to submit required report (non-DMR) | Jan 1, 2020 | — | Open |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: General Facility Standards | Jan 24, 2017 | Feb 24, 2017 | Resolved |
| rcra | State Statutory or Regulatory requirements that are broader-in-scope than the federal RCRA requirements | Jan 24, 2017 | Mar 7, 2017 | Resolved |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Preparedness and Prevention | Jan 24, 2017 | Feb 24, 2017 | Resolved |
| rcra | State Statutory or Regulatory requirements that are broader-in-scope than the federal RCRA requirements | Apr 27, 2011 | May 27, 2011 | Resolved |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: General Facility Standards | Apr 27, 2011 | May 27, 2011 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Jun 22, 2006 | Jun 23, 2006 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Jun 16, 2005 | Jun 23, 2006 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Use and Management of Containers | Jun 11, 2003 | Sep 4, 2003 | Resolved |
| rcra | Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of HW TSDs: Chemical, Physical and Biological Treatment | Jun 11, 2003 | Sep 4, 2003 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Jun 11, 2003 | Sep 4, 2003 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards for Universal Waste Management: Standards for Large Quantity Handlers | Oct 19, 1999 | Apr 25, 2002 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: Pre-Transport Requirements Applicable to Small and Large Quantity Generators | Oct 19, 1999 | Apr 25, 2002 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Oct 19, 1999 | Apr 25, 2002 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Oct 18, 1999 | Apr 25, 2002 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: Pre-Transport Requirements Applicable to Small and Large Quantity Generators | Oct 18, 1999 | Apr 25, 2002 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Jun 8, 1994 | Jul 8, 1994 | Resolved |
| rcra | Standards Applicable to Generators of HW: General | Jan 14, 1985 | Mar 29, 1985 | Resolved |
Enforcement Actions
Formal enforcement cases brought by the EPA or state agencies, including administrative orders and civil penalties assessed. Penalty amounts reflect what was formally assessed, not necessarily what was collected.